Unpacking TFGBV in Bhutan: A Qualitative Study of Impact and Experience

Abstract

Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV) is an emerging global concern, particularly in digitally evolving societies like Bhutan. This qualitative study investigates the lived experiences, manifestations, and consequences of TFGBV through the lens of Digital Sociology. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions with 54 participants, including survivors, educators, service providers, and institutional stakeholders. The research reveals a spectrum of abuse, including cyberbullying, image-based violence, sextortion, and gendered hate speech. These acts are often intensified by anonymity, cultural stigma, and limited digital literacy. The study highlights significant psychological, educational, and social impacts, especially among Gen Z, whose digital immersion makes them uniquely vulnerable yet potentially powerful agents of change. The findings call for culturally responsive legal reforms, trauma-informed support systems, and multi-sectoral collaboration. This research contributes to the global discourse on gender equity and digital safety, offering actionable insights for policy, education, and advocacy.